Symptoms to look out for

• rash (not present in all cases). This can develop anywhere on the body. Initially pinprick red spots rapidly develop into larger purple marks that will not fade when pressed. Check by pressing a glass over the rash to see if it fades. If a rash is present, the disease is in an advanced stage and medical help should be sought immediately.
• fever/vomiting - is the patient's temperature above normal? A higher than normal temperature may be slow to develop
• diarrhoea
• severe headache
• stiff neck, aching limbs and joints - for example, does the patient have difficulty touching his chin to his chest?
• dislike of bright lights
• drowsiness/impaired consciousness.

Babies may suffer from:

• fever
• refusing feeds
• tense or bulging fontanelle (soft spot on the head)
• blotchy or pale skin
• staring expression or trance-like appearance
• abnormally drowsy, silent or withdrawn
• fretful or agitated
• turning away from the light
• body stiffening with involuntary movements, arching of the head and neck or a floppy body
• shrill or moaning cry, especially when handled
• an altered breathing pattern, abdominal pain and sometimes diarrhoea
• rash or red/purple spots or bruises.

Symptom of septicaemia (blood poisoning)

• High fever (nor always present initially)
• Shivering and cold feet and hands
• Rash of red/purple spots or bruises
• Impaired consciousness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Rapid breathing
• Severe muscle aches
• Abdominal pain and sometimes diarrhoea.

Further information